I have recovered bullets from deer that were shot with such chamberings as 7mm Rem Mag, 30/06, 308, 243, 6mm Rem, 270 WSM, and other common deer hunting chamberings. Very few if any of the recovered bullets were much larger in diameter than an unexpanded 45/70 bullet. Most were considerably smaller. Recovering a bullet, to my way of thinking, does not mean the chambering is a poor performer on deer. Also, having the deer not be DRT does not mean the chambering is not appropriate. I had a deer shot through the heart with a 30/06 run about 100 yards before dropping. The heart did have a very nice hole through it when we dressed the deer.
I use big lead bullets and shoot them at short to moderate ranges with a 45/70 and have always gotten very good results. If I want DRT and do not mind spoiling some meat, I break them down by shooting a shoulder. I generally try to double lung them with a nice hole in each side to let out plenty of blood so tracking will be easier.
I have never subscribed to the idea that the ideal situation is to have all the energy expended inside the animal so that the bullet is found against the hide on the far side. The passage of a bullet through an animal can take many different paths that can encounter many different obstacles. A shot through the chest that does not touch ribs on either side is quite different from a shoulder or a spine shot that encounters lots of bones.